Optimal carbon-electricity trade-offs through the virtual power plant concept

Abstract To ameliorate the increased challenges relating to renewable energy sources set by European Union targets for 2020, 2030 and 2050 paradigms, in this work a carbon-electricity model is proposed making use of virtual power plant mechanism. The radical configuration arranged islanded system Cyprus, internal combustion engines, steam generators domestic wind, photovoltaic biomass units. Using an algorithm relied on mixed-integer linear programming, clean resources integration can be enhanced cost-effective manner terms total production emission cost. Based actual data with respect load demand generation, concept offers optimal trade-offs presence storage. Specifically, annual amount carbon-dioxide emissions decreases almost 74,000tn increasing renewables share from 25.73 64.33% at level. released are completely eliminated hydrogen derived pathways 100% systems. incomes assessed scenarios towards paradigm de-carbonization 81.360 M€ 112.148 respective life-cycle analysis without regenerative fuel-cell storage facility. As future directions research, more comprehensive carbon-trading indicated consolidate other Greenhouse gas emissions, including carbon oxide (CO), methane (CH 4 ), nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ) sulfur (SO ).